Adenocarcinoma cervical e abandono terapêutico: a ótica dos enfermeiros em uma cidade do extremo norte brasileiro / Cervical adenocarcinoma and therapeutic dropouts: the perspective of nurses in a city in the extreme north of brazil / Adenocarcinoma cervical y abandono terapéutico: la perspectiva de los enfermeros de una ciudad del extremo norte de brasil

RESUMO Objetivo: descrever, na perspectiva do enfermeiro, as causas de abandono das usuárias em tratamento do adenocarcinoma cervical e analisar as propostas para diminuir esse abandono. Método: o estudo é descritivo, qualitativo, do tipo investigação narrativa. Participaram sete enfermeiros assistencialistas, atuantes em uma unidade de alta complexidade oncológica, na cidade de Macapá, capital do estado do Amapá, Brasil. O estudo foi realizado no período de três a 20 de dezembro de 2019. Os dados foram submetidos à análise temática categorial. Resultados: emergiram duas categorias: principais causas de abandono das usuárias em tratamento do adenocarcinoma cervical e estratégias do enfermeiro para a diminuição do abandono do tratamento pelas usuárias. Conclusão: para favorecer o resgate das usuárias, os enfermeiros participantes propõem consulta de Enfermagem e um plano de ação multiprofissional, respeitando as singularidades de cada mulher.

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe, from the perspective of nurses, the causes of dropout of users in treatment for cervical adenocarcinoma and analyze the proposals to reduce this dropout. Method: the study is descriptive, qualitative, of narrative research type. Seven care nurses, working in a high complexity oncology unit in the city of Macapá, capital of the state of Amapá, Brazil, participated. The study was conducted in the period from December three to 20, 2019. Data were submitted to categorical thematic analysis. Results: two categories emerged: main causes of dropout of users in treatment for cervical adenocarcinoma and nurse strategies for the reduction of treatment dropout by users. Conclusion: to promote the rescue of the users, the participating nurses propose a Nursing consultation and a multi-professional action plan, respecting the singularities of each woman.

RESUMEN Objetivo: describir, desde el punto de vista del enfermero, las causas de abandono de las usuarias en el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma de cuello uterino y analizar las propuestas para disminuir dicho abandono. Método: El estudio es una investigación descriptiva, cualitativa y narrativa. Participaron siete enfermeros asistenciales, que trabajan en una unidad de oncología de alta complejidad en la ciudad de Macapá, capital del estado de Amapá, Brasil. El estudio se realizó en el periodo comprendido entre el 3 y el 20 de diciembre de 2019. Los datos se sometieron a un análisis categórico temático. Resultados: surgieron dos categorías: principales causas de abandono de las usuarias en el tratamiento del adenocarcinoma cervical y estrategias de los enfermeros para reducir el abandono del tratamiento por parte de las usuarias. Conclusión: para favorecer el resguardo de las usuarias, los enfermeros participantes proponen una consulta de Enfermería y un plan de acción multiprofesional, resaltando las singularidades de cada mujer.

Detección y control del cáncer de cuello uterino en mujeres de 35 a 44 años en Ecuador / Detection and control of cervical cancer in women aged 35 to 44 yearsin Ecuador

INTRODUCCIÓN: El cáncer de cuello uterino es un problema de salud pública que se origina en las células que recubren el cuello del útero, cuya etiología se relaciona frecuentemente con el virus del Papiloma Humano. Esta patología solo se presenta en las mujeres, siendo el segundo más común entre las tipologías de cáncer; su aparición puede ser prevenible mediante el control y la detección oportuna. OBJETIVO: Determinar el nivel de control y detección de cáncer cérvico-uterino que tienen las mujeres de 35 a 44 años. METODOLOGÍA: La investigación es cuantitativa, descriptiva y de corte transversal. La muestra fue de 267 mujeres de 35 a 44 años. Se aplicó una encuesta virtual de manera voluntaria y aleatoria a la población femenina de dichas edades, en la cual se establecieron preguntas categorizadas en: Conocimiento general, Control y Detección, éstas nos ayudarán a comprobar el grado de información, control y detección del cáncer cérvico-uterino que tenga dicha población. RESULTADOS: El porcentaje general varía de acuerdo a las categorías de las encuestas empleadas, a partir de las cuales se refleja que el 52,8% tiene conocimiento acerca de los métodos de control y detección del cáncer cérvico-uterino, el 44,3% no ha recibido información acerca del tema y, el 2,9% tiene un conocimiento incompleto. CONCLUSIÓN: El cáncer cérvico-uterino afecta con mayor frecuencia a las mujeres sexualmente activas dentro del rango de edad de 35 y 44 años, siendo la falta de información de la población femenina y la ausencia de controles sanitarios algunos de los factores que predisponen a una alta incidencia y prevalencia de la morbi ­mortalidad a causa de esta patología.

INTRODUCTION: Cervical cancer is a public health problem that originates in the cells lining the cervix, whose etiology is often associated with the Human Papillomavirus. This pathology only occurs in women, being the second most common among cancer typologies; its appearance can be preventable through control and timely detection. OBJECTIVE: To determine the level of control and detection of cervical-uterine cancer in women aged 35 to 44. METHODOLOGY: The research is quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. The sample was 267 women aged 35 to 44 years. A voluntary and random virtual survey was applied to the female population of these ages, in which questions categorized in: General knowledge, Control and Detection were established, these will help us to verify the degree of information, control and detection of cervical-uterine cancer in that population. RESULTS: The percentage varies according to the categories of surveys used, showing that 50.3 per cent have knowledge of methods for the control and detection of cervical-uterine cancer, 41.1 per cent have not received information on the subject and 8.6% have incomplete knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Cervical-uterine cancer most often affects sexually active women in the 35-44 age range, The lack of information from the female population and the absence of health controls are some of the factors that predispose to a high incidence and prevalence of morbidity -mortality due to this pathology.

Midwives' practices related to cervical cancer screening during pregnancy: A vignette-based study.

OBJECTIVE: To describe midwives' practices related to cervical cancer screening and women's eligibility for screening during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN: Cross-sectional vignette-based study of French midwives during February-May 2018. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Participants were asked to complete an internet-based questionnaire: a clinical case-vignette about a woman eligible for cervical cancer screening during pregnancy and a short self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: We obtained 273 complete questionnaires from eligible midwives. Of those responding, 15% reported that they never screened for cervical cancer during pregnancy, 63.7% did so for women 25 years or older, and 51% adhered to the recommended intervals between tests. Overall, 110 (40%) midwives adhered to the complete screening protocol (age at initiation and interval). In this clinical case vignette of a woman meeting the criteria for screening, only 29% of midwives reported they would perform a Pap test at 25 weeks of gestation, while 91% would at 10 weeks. CONCLUSION: Midwives' practices of cervical cancer screening and their determination of women's eligibility during pregnancy vary, especially according to gestational age; Nevertheless, pregnancy is an appropriate time to screen women who meet the criteria for cervical cancer screening, especially if they are not receiving regular gynaecological care.

Análise do rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero de um município do sul do Brasil / Análisis del rastreo del cáncer del colo del útero de un municipio del sur del Brasil / Analysis of cancer trace cancer of the uterus column of a municipality of the south of Brazil

Objetivo: analisar o rastreamento do câncer do colo do útero de um município do Sul do Brasil. Método: realizou-se um estudo quantitativo descritivo retrospectivo pela análise dos laudos dos exames citopatológicos registrados no Sistema de Informação do Câncer. Resultados: identificou-se que a maioria dos exames foram realizados em mulheres alvo do programa, apesar da baixa cobertura do rastreamento. O reduzido número de amostras insatisfatórias representa um aspecto positivo. Em contrapartida, um número considerável das amostras não obteve representatividade da junção escamo-colunar, este constitui um ponto crítico a ser melhorado na eficácia do exame, uma vez que, verificou-se associação significativa entre a representação dos epitélios e alterações anormais. Conclusão: os achados deste estudo reforçam a importância da avaliação e do monitoramento constante da qualidade dos exames coletados, para que sejam efetivos no rastreamento das lesões que são precursoras do câncer do colo do útero

Objective: to analyze the cervical cancer screening of a municipality in the South of Brazil. Method: A retrospective descriptive quantitative study was performed by analyzing the reports of the cytopathological exams registered in the Cancer Information System. Results: It was identified that the majority of the exams were performed in women targeted by the program, despite the low coverage of the screening. The small number of unsatisfactory samples represents a positive aspect. In contrast, a considerable number of samples obtained not representative of the squamocolumnar junction, this is a critical point to be improved in the efficiency of the examination, since it was found a significant association between the representation and the abnormal changes epithelia. Conclusion: the findings of this study reinforce the importance of the evaluation and constant monitoring of the quality of the exams collected, so that they are effective in tracking the lesions that are precursors of cervical cancer

Objetivo: analizar el rastreo del cáncer del cuello del útero de un municipio del sur de Brasil. Método: se realizó un estudio cuantitativo descriptivo retrospectivo por el análisis de los laudos de los exámenes citopatológicos registrados en el Sistema de Información del Cáncer. Resultados: se identificó que la mayoría de los exámenes se realizaron en las mujeres objetivo del programa, a pesar de la baja cobertura del rastreo. El reducido número de muestras insatisfactorias es un aspecto positivo. En cambio, un número considerable de muestras no obtuvo representatividad de la unión escamoso-colunar, éste constituye un punto crítico que debe mejorarse en la eficacia del examen, ya que se ha observado una asociación significativa entre la representación de los epitelios y las alteraciones anormales. Conclusión: los hallazgos de este estudio refuerzan la importancia de la evaluación y del monitoreo constante de la calidad de los exámenes recogidos, para que sean efectivos en el rastreo de las lesiones que son precursoras del cáncer del cuello del útero

Insegurança nas ações de controle do câncer de colo uterino: atuação do enfermeiro na Estratégia de Saúde da Família / Insecurity in cervical cancer control actions: the nurse's role in the family's health strategy / Inseguridad en las acciones de control del cáncer de cuello uterino: actuación del enfermero en la estrategia de salud de la familia

Objetivo: analisar as ações de controle do câncer de colo uterino (CCU) desenvolvidas pelo enfermeiro na Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) em um município da região sul de Mato Grosso. Métodos: trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória, descritiva e com abordagem qualitativa, realizada em doze ESFs. A coleta de dados ocorreu no período de maio a junho de 2017, com 12 enfermeiros, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. Para a análise dos dados utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo de Bardin. A pesquisa foi aprovada por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa em 26 de abril de 2017. Resultados: a análise dos dados resultou em duas categorias denominadas: "a insegurança na realização do exame Papanicolaou" e "ações de controle do CCU". Conclusão: podemos concluir que, embora os enfermeiros reconheçam a necessidade e a relevância de rastreamento e diagnóstico precoce, a prática profissional relatada é bem divergente do preconizado pelo Ministério da Saúde. Descritores: Neoplasias do colo do útero, Teste Papanicolaou, Cuidados de Enfermagem

Objective: analyze the control actions of uterine cervix câncer (CCU) developed by Estratégia de Saúde da Família's nurses (ESF) in the municipality south region of Mato Grosso. Methods: This is an exploratory, descriptive and qualitative approach research, realized in twelve ESF's. The data collection was achieve in the period from May to June of 2017, with 12 nurses, through semistructures interviews. To conduct the data analysis was used "Content Actions of Bardin". This research was approved by Comitê de ÉticaemPesquisa in April 26th, 2017. Results: the data Analisis results between two categories called "The insecurities in accomplishment of Papanicolau" and "Control actios of CCU".Conclusion: We can conclude althought the nurses recognize the relevance and needs of the tracking code and early diagnosis, professional practice related is very different and divergent proposed by Ministério da Saúde

Objetivo: analizar lãs acciones de control Del cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) desarrolladas por el enfermero em la Estrategia de Salud de La Familia (ESF) em el municipio región sur de Mato Grosso. Métodos: se trata de una investigación exploratoria, descriptiva y com abordaje cualitativo, realizada en doce ESF's. La recolección de datos ocurrióen el período de mayo a junio de 2017, con 12 enfermeros, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas. Para el análisis de los datos se utilizo el Análisis de Contenido de Bardin. La investigación fue aprobada por el Comité de Ética en Investigación el 26 de abril de 2017. Resultados: el análisis de los datos resultóen dos categorías denominadas: "La inseguridad en la realización del examen Papanicolaou" y "Acciones de Control del CCU". Conclusión: podemos concluir que aunque los enfermeros reconocen la necesidad y relevancia Del rastreo y diagnóstico precoz, la práctica profesional relatada es muy divergente del preconizado por el Ministerio de Salud

Clinical nurses' awareness and caring experiences for patients with cervical cancer: A qualitative study.

To determine the degree to which nurses are aware of cervical cancer and to describe nurses' experiences of caring for patients with cervical cancer. To promote quality of nursing care of cervical cancer, we need to explore their perceptions and nursing experience in doing cervical-cancer care. This study was a qualitative descriptive design. Interviews were conducted with 14 registered nurses. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and analyzed. Content analysis was performed. Fourteen nurses who had been working at wards and cancer education centers were recruited in this study. Nine key themes emerged from three categories such as nurses' awareness of cervical cancer, awareness of cervical cancer patient and caring experience. Nurses expressed fear of cervical cancer and helplessness in the face of a life-threatening prognosis. Nurses stated that they might have prejudice about cervical cancer, since it is caused by a sexually transmitted disease. They also recalled that patients with cervical cancer were more sensitive and demanding. Our findings provide a comprehensive and in-depth perspective in understanding the experience of caring for cervical cancer patients. Clinical nurses showed complex emotional reactions to cervical cancer, and expressed prejudice against the sex life of cervical-cancer patients. More education is required to ensure that clinical nurses can provide a nurse-led intervention with patients by managing nurses' fear, prejudice, and the care burden.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of Interventions on Increasing Participation in Cervical Cancer Screening.

BACKGROUND: Although cervical cancer is highly preventable through regular screenings using Pap smear or human papillomavirus-deoxyribonucleic acid tests, cervical cancer remains a prevalent women's health issue across the world. Therefore, encouraging women to screen for cervical cancer is very important for the early detection of cervical cancer. PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to (1) assess the effectiveness of three interventions that are typically used to increase the uptake of cervical cancer screening during home visits and (2) determine the participation rate in cervical cancer screenings after invitation, the health promotion perceptions, and the cervical cancer and screening-related knowledge of women. The three interventions noted in Purpose 1 were one-on-one training accompanied by an educational brochure, providing the educational brochure only, and giving an invitation without any relevant information. METHODS: This interventional study was conducted on women who were between the ages of 30 and 65 years in three Turkish provinces (Ankara, Malatya, and Trabzon). Five hundred twenty home visits were made, and 356 women who did not have a Pap smear test within the previous year were invited for cervical cancer screening. Women were randomized into one of three intervention groups, and the participants in each group were invited to attend a national cervical cancer screening program and to undergo a cervical cancer screening using the related intervention type. RESULTS: The results showed that the interventions used during home visits and knowledge were effective in encouraging women to participate in cervical cancer screening. It was determined that the participants who had received one-on-one training accompanied by an educational brochure had a higher cervical cancer screening rate than their peers who were offered a brochure only or a verbal invitation only. CONCLUSIONS: Invitations to screenings that are made by providing training accompanied with a brochure were found to be effective in increasing the participation of women in cervical cancer screening.

Male partners' experiences of caregiving for women with cervical cancer-a qualitative study.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to develop knowledge on the experiences of male partners of women with cervical cancer during and after the illness. We explore men's experiences of becoming caregivers as well as how the illness trajectory affects or has affected the relationship. BACKGROUND: Receiving a cancer diagnosis has a significant impact on the lives of both the cancer patient and their family members. However, studies of male partners' experiences with cancer patients are scarce. Additionally, cervical cancer and its impact on male caregivers are less explored than how other cancer diagnoses impact male caregivers. The theoretical concept of caring masculinities is helpful to interpret men's experiences as caregivers and partners. DESIGN: The study employs a qualitative design with semi-structured interviews with six men/partners recruited through the gynaecological section at a hospital. COREQ reporting guidelines have been applied. FINDINGS: Based on our analyses, we find that men's experiences of being caregivers and partners of women treated for cervical cancer are multifaceted, comprising emotional and practical aspects. However, three main findings stand out as particularly significant for men in the context of cervical cancer: loneliness, an altered sexual relationship and shared feelings of vulnerability. CONCLUSIONS: The men describe an interdependence in the relationship with the women but also how the relationships have been seriously altered, particularly when it comes to sexuality. These findings resonate with hegemonic as well as caring masculinities. RELEVANCE TO PRACTICE: Complex issues of intimacy and sexuality should be a pivotal element in educating future healthcare professionals. We strongly suggest that issues such as dealing with masculinity and caregiving roles should be on the agenda and reflected upon in teaching and supervising in clinical practice. A broader approach to sexual health and relationships is needed in the patient-clinician relationships, including information about human papillomavirus.

A nurse-led cervical screening clinic in primary care.

Eliza is a practice nurse in a large general practice in England. She is trained in cancer screening and health promotion as well as chronic disease management. Today patients are consulting with her for their cervical smear test.

Creencias de los estudiantes universitarios sobre el cribado del cáncer cervicouterino / Female college students' beliefs about cervical cancer screening

Objetivo: Explorar los beneficios y las barreras percibidas por las estudiantes universitarias para el cribado cervical y la vulnerabilidad percibida para el cáncer cervicouterino. Método: El estudio fue exploratorio y transversal. Se administró un cuestionario de creencias sobre el Papanicolaou a una muestra de 267 mujeres estudiantes de enfermería de pregrado. Resultados: Las estudiantes que realizaron pruebas de Papanicolaou de rutina percibieron mayores beneficios y menos barreras para el rastreo de rutina que las estudiantes que no las realizaron. La vulnerabilidad personal al cáncer cervical no fue un hallazgo significativo. Las estudiantes que tenían una relación a largo plazo, que eran no fumadores y que iniciaron relaciones sexuales a una edad más temprana, tenían más probabilidad de obtener un examen de rutina. Conclusión: Resaltar la importancia de la atención preventiva asociada con la detección sistemática del cáncer de cuello uterino es importante para promover la salud de la mujer independientemente de la edad o del nivel de educación. Se necesitan más estudios con una gama más amplia de estudiantes universitarios, para comprender mejor sus creencias sobre los beneficios y las barreras para la realización del cribado del cáncer cervicouterino y sus percepciones de vulnerabilidad con respecto al cáncer cervical (AU)

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Conhecimentos e atitudes das mulheres em relação ao exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino / Women's knowledge and attitudes regarding cervical cancer screening

Este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os conhecimentos e atitudes das mulheres em relação a importância do exame preventivo do câncer do colo uterino. Estudo descritivo e exploratório de abordagem qualitativa, realizado com 14 mulheres atendidas em um serviço de saúde de Moçambique. A coleta de dados foi por meio do roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de fevereiro a março de 2015. Os resultados foram analisados pela técnica de análise de conteúdo. A maior parte das mulheres embora tenha ouvido falar do câncer do colo uterino (CCU) na televisão e nas palestras dos hospitais, tem pouco conhecimento em relação à prevenção, desconhece a importância do exame preventivo e realiza o exame devido a queixas ginecológicas. O conhecimento das mulheres é incipiente e aquém do esperado sobre a temática da importância do exame preventivo.

This study aimed to evaluate women's knowledge and attitudes regarding the importance of cervical cancer screening. This is a descriptive, exploratory, with a qualitative approach study, carried out with 14 women assisted at a health service in Mozambique. Data collection occurred with a semi-structured interview from February to March 2015. The results were analyzed using the content analysis technique. Although most women have heard of cervical cancer (CC) on television and in hospital lectures, they have little knowledge about prevention, are unaware of the importance of the screening and have the exam due to gynecological complaints. Women's knowledge is incipient and below the expectations about the importance of the screening.

Feasibility and Acceptability of the Use of Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in the Delivery of Nurse-Led, Supportive Care to Women With Cervical Cancer.

PURPOSE/AIMS: Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) can be effectively used to uncover the unmet needs of women with cervical cancer for supportive care. Our aim was to explore the feasibility and acceptability of PROM-driven, nurse-led consultations to enhance delivery of supportive care to women with cervical cancer during active anticancer treatment. DESIGN: A 2-phased, mixed-method prospective study was conducted. Main research variables included feasibility and acceptability parameters of the trialed intervention. METHODS: Preconsultation PROM data were collected during 3 consecutive monthly consultations and used by the gynecology cancers nurse specialist (CNS) to deliver personalized supportive care. The problem checklist and Cervical Cancer Concerns Questionnaire were used to aid data collection. FINDINGS: Because of considerable recruitment challenges, a recruitment rate of 27% (3/11 patients) was achieved. Two patients completed all 3 study assessments. Seven in-clinic patient assessments were performed over 6 months. The study participants praised the opportunity for dedicated time for patients to raise concerns and for the CNS to provide sensitive and personalized support. CONCLUSION: Women with cervical cancer perceive important benefits from participating in PROM-driven, time-protected sessions with their CNS. Our findings provide tentative evidence to support the feasibility and acceptability of this intervention model and warrant future confirmation. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: .

Psychometric Testing of the Pap Smear Belief Questionnaire: Measuring Women's Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Cervical Cancer Screening.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some women avoid routine Pap testing because of negative attitudes and beliefs. The ability to measure these factors is limited by lack of valid and reliable tools. Therefore, this article describes steps taken to test a measure. METHODS: Validity and reliability testing of psychometric scales was conducted. RESULTS: Sample consisted of 344 women. Using principal component analysis resulted in 4 components: Exam-Related Factors, Benefits, Vulnerability, and Risks and Barriers. Revised scale included 28 items explaining 46% variance, with good internal consistency (α = .84). Women who did not routinely screen exhibited significantly more negativity. CONCLUSIONS: The measure demonstrates validity and reliability across different groups of women and can be used to inform the design of individualized interventions to promote repeat screening.

Cervical Cancer: Prevention and Early Detection.

OBJECTIVE: To review effective methods of prevention that can be used to control the incidence of cervical cancer and detection strategies that can identify the precancerous lesions before they become true cancer. DATA SOURCES: Current medical, scientific and nursing literature, and national and international guidelines of cervical cancer. CONCLUSION: Nearly all cervical cancers are caused by specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV). Prophylactic vaccination for HPV provides the most effective method of primary prevention against HPV-related diseases. The use of the Pap test and HPV test, according to published guidelines, provides the most effective means of screening for cervical cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Nurses are in a key position to provide health education with the goal of supporting vaccine uptake and screening guidelines.

Violence against women and cervical cancer screening: a systematic review.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To present a systematic review of papers published on the relationship between violence against women and cervical cancer screening. BACKGROUND: Violence against women is a serious public health problem. This phenomenon can have negative effects on victims' health and affect the frequency at which they receive cervical cancer screening. DESIGN: A systematic literature review. METHODS: This study was carried out in October 2015 with searches of the Lilacs, PubMed and Web of Science databases using the following keywords: violence, domestic violence, battered women, spouse abuse, Papanicolaou test, vaginal smears, early detection of cancer and cervix uteri. RESULTS: Eight papers published between 2002-2013 were included in this review, most of which were cross-sectional studies. Three studies found no association between victimisation and receiving Pap testing, and five studies reported an association. These contradictory results were due to higher or lower examination frequencies among the women who had experienced violence. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that the association between violence against women and cervical cancer screening remains inconclusive, and they demonstrate the need for more detailed studies to help clarify this relationship. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Professionals who aid women should be knowledgeable regarding the perception and detection of violence so that they can interrupt the cycle of aggression, which has harmful impacts on victims' health.

Educação popular em saúde como estratégia à adesão na realização do exame colpocitológico / Educación popular en salud como estrategia para la adhesión en la realización de la prueba de papanicolaou / Popular education in health as a strategy for adherence to pap smear screening

RESUMO O câncer de colo do útero, a segunda causa de neoplasia entre as mulheres, tem uma alta prevalência no Brasil. Uma das formas de prevenção ocorre através da realização do exame colpocitológico. Nesseaspecto, este estudo objetiva apresentar a experiência com educação popular em saúde como metodologia ativa de aprendizagem, desenvolvida por uma equipe de Estratégia de Saúde de Família (ESF) da grande Porto Alegre, na adesão das mulheres à realização do exame colpocitológico no período de 2010 a 2013. Através de intervenções de educação popular em saúde sobre o tema nos mais diversos ambientes sociais e comunitários, como escola e templos religiosos, foi possível desenvolver nas mulheres melhorias no autocuidado, tais como a adesão à coleta do exame preventivo. Também se constatou que estratégias de educação popular em saúde junto à comunidade podem permitir melhor adesão à realização do exame citopatológico do colo do útero, uma das estratégias públicas mais efetivas, seguras e de baixo custo para detecção precoce desse tipo de câncer, o que pode contribuir para a redução da incidência de novos casos nessa comunidade.

RESUMEN El cáncer del cuello uterino, la segunda causa de neoplasia entre las mujeres, tiene una alta prevalencia en Brasil. Una de las formas de prevenciónocurre a través de la realización de la prueba de Papanicolaou. A este respecto, este estudio tiene como objetivo presentar la experiencia con educación popular en salud como metodologia activa de aprendizaje, desarrollada por un equipo dela Estrategia Salud de la Familia (ESF) de la gran ciudad de Porto Alegre-RS-Brasil, en la adhesión de las mujeres a la realización de la prueba de Papanicolaou en el período de 2010 a 2013. Através de las intervenciones de educación popular en salud sobre el tema en diversos entornos sociales y comunitarios, tales como la escuela y templos religiosos, fue posible desarrollar en las mujeres mejoras en el autocuidado, así como la adhesión a la recolección del examen preventivo. Aún secon stató que estrategias de educación popular en salud junto a la comunidad pueden permitir una mejor adhesión a la realización de la prueba de Papanicolaou, una de las estrategias públicas más eficaces, seguras yde bajo costo para la detección precoz de este tipo de cáncer, lo que puede contribuir para la reducción de la incidencia de nuevos casos en esta comunidad.

ABSTRACT Cervical cancer, the second leading cause of cancer among women, has a high prevalence in Brazil. One way to prevent it is through Pap smear screening. This study aims to present the experience with health education for the population, as developed by a Family Health Strategy (FHS) team at the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre, in order to promote adherence of women to Pap smear screening in the period from 2010 to 2013. Through health educational interventions for the population in various social and community settings, such as schools and churches, professionals could develop improvements in self-care of women, as adherence to the Pap smear screening. Therefore, it was found that education strategies for the community can increase adherence to Pap smear screening, one of the most effective, safe and cost-effective public strategies for early detection of cervical cancer, which may contribute to the lower incidence of new cases in this community.

A study on the predictors of Korean male students' intention to receive human papillomavirus vaccination.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The objective was to survey the current state of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and the predictors of vaccination intention among Korean male students of high school (ages 15-19) and university (ages 17-27). BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus is a sexually transmitted infectious agent causing uterine cervical, anal, and/or penile cancer and genital warts in males and females. Infection rate of human papillomavirus increases from the age when sexual intercourse first occurs. Therefore, motivation to receive human papillomavirus vaccination is needed to protect infection. DESIGN: Cross-sectional descriptive survey was performed only in male students. They are less aware of human papillomavirus than females, because human papillomavirus vaccination has been targeted on females for preventing cervical cancer in Korea. METHODS: Data were collected using a self-reporting questionnaire for male high school and university students sampled from a city in Korea. Human papillomavirus vaccine-related knowledge, health beliefs, demographic, and sexual history information variables relating to intentions to vaccinate were assessed. RESULTS: The human papillomavirus vaccination rate was very low and the levels of knowledge and health beliefs were low. The significant predictors that raised the intention of human papillomavirus vaccination were a university student, experience of sexual intercourse and perceiving the benefits of human papillomavirus vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: To promote human papillomavirus vaccination, educational programming targeting males should include health beliefs and knowledge, emphasising that vaccination is important to prevent uterine cervical cancer and to role as a preventative measure against common male diseases. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Male high school students should be included as a major target population for school human papillomavirus education programmes, as they are at the age of commencing sexual intercourse. In addition, public health policies including human papillomavirus vaccination in the national immunisation programme are warranted.